SYLLABUS
GS-3: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life
Context: NITI Aayog released the second edition of the India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI) 2025, which assesses the progress of States and Union Territories in electric vehicle adoption, charging infrastructure development and electric mobility innovation.
About the India Electric Mobility Index (IEMI)
• It is a composite index developed by NITI Aayog in collaboration with WRI India to assess the policy framework and implementation outcomes of electric mobility at the subnational level.
• The index measures the progress of States and Union Territories towards electric mobility transition and promotes evidence-based policymaking, benchmarking and the exchange of best practices.
• Key Features:
- Coverage: 36 States and Union Territories.
- Indicators: 16 indicators grouped under three thematic categories.
- Scoring: Scores are calculated on a scale of 0 to 100.
- Assessment Period: January–December 2025.
- Frequency: Updated annually using the latest available data.
• Three Thematic Categories:
- Transport Electrification Progress: 50%
- Charging Infrastructure Readiness: 30%
- Electric Vehicle Research and Innovation Status: 20%
• Based on their overall scores, States and Union Territories are classified into four categories:
- Top Performers: ≥65
- Frontrunners: 50–64
- Emerging Performers: 35–49
- Aspirants: <35
Key Findings of the Index
• Overall Performance: Delhi topped the index with a score of 84, followed by Maharashtra (78), Karnataka (73), Chandigarh (71) and Goa (65).
- These five jurisdictions were classified as Top Performers.
- Scores across the 36 States and Union Territories ranged from 10 to 84, with a median score of 40.
- The median score increased from 36 in 2024 to 40 in 2025, while the highest score increased from 77 to 84.
• State-wise Progress: Madhya Pradesh recorded a substantial improvement, moving from 23rd position in 2024 to seventh position in 2025.
- Among the large States, Maharashtra and Karnataka were the leading performers.
- Manipur, with a score of 46, was the leading performer among the Hilly and Northeastern States.
• Performance across Themes:
- Transport Electrification Progress: Delhi, Chandigarh and Maharashtra were the only jurisdictions classified as Top Performers.
- Charging Infrastructure Readiness: Karnataka recorded the highest score nationally at 97, followed by Goa (92) and Maharashtra (91).
- Electric Vehicle Research and Innovation: Delhi achieved the highest score of 94.
Status of EV Transition in India
• India’s electric mobility transition has gained momentum, with electric vehicle penetration increasing from approximately 0.5% in 2018 to 8.25% in 2025–26.
• More than 8.7 million electric vehicles were on Indian roads by 2025–26.
• Nearly 2.5 million EVs were registered during 2025–26, representing an increase of approximately 25% over the previous financial year.
• Electric two-wheelers accounted for the largest share of new registrations, followed by passenger three-wheelers.
• The share of electric commercial goods vehicles increased from 0.6% in 2024 to 1.4% in 2025.
Government Initiatives for Electric Mobility
• EV30@30 Initiative: India aims to achieve 30% electric vehicle penetration by 2030, aligning with the global EV30@30 campaign, which seeks to ensure that at least 30% of new vehicle sales are electric by 2030.
• Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Automobile and Auto Component Industry (PLI-Auto): The scheme promotes domestic manufacturing of Advanced Automotive Technology products with a minimum 50% Domestic Value Addition.
• e-AMRIT: Developed by NITI Aayog and launched at the COP26 Summit in Glasgow, e-AMRIT is a web portal providing information on electric vehicle adoption, purchase, investment opportunities, policies, and subsidies.
• PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE): Launched on October 1, 2024, the scheme promotes electric vehicle adoption through purchase incentives and support for critical charging infrastructure.
• PM e-Bus Sewa–Payment Security Mechanism (PSM) Scheme: With an outlay of ₹3,435.33 crore, the scheme supports the procurement and operation of more than 38,000 electric buses by Public Transport Authorities.
• First Made-in-India Global Battery Electric Vehicle: On August 26, 2025, the Prime Minister inaugurated and flagged off Maruti Suzuki’s first Made-in-India global Battery Electric Vehicle, the e VITARA, from the Suzuki Motor plant in Hansalpur, Gujarat.