Context:
Two baby girls at Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital (CMCH) were recently diagnosed with Kawasaki disease.
About Kawasaki Disease
- A rare but serious illness affecting young children(under 5 years old).
- Characterized by high fever and inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body.
- Can lead to serious complications, especially heart problems, if not treated promptly.
- Tomisaku Kawasaki first described the disease in Japan in 1967, and the initial cases outside Japan were reported in Hawaii in 1976
Symptoms: In the first Phase:
- High fever: Usually lasting for more than 5 days and not responding to usual medications.
- Rash: Red, bumpy rash on the torso, often spreading to other areas.
- Swollen lymph nodes: Especially in the neck, typically on one side.
- Red and cracked lips: May appear dry and chapped.
- Red, swollen hands and feet: May appear reddish on the palms and soles, and fingertips may peel later.
- The second phase usually begin about two weeks after the fever starts. Symptoms can include: peeling skin on the hands and feet, joint pain, diarrhea, vomiting and belly pain.
Cause:
- The exact cause of Kawasaki disease remains unknown.
- It’s likely a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
- Viruses may play a role, but no specific virus has been identified.
Complications:
- Heart problems: The most serious complication, potentially affecting the coronary arteries (supplying blood to the heart). This can lead to aneurysms (bulges in the artery walls) and other heart issues.
- Other complications may include inflammation of other organs like the kidneys, liver, and gallbladder.
Treatment:
- Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.
- Treatment typically involves medications like intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to reduce inflammation and aspirin to control fever and inflammation.
- In some cases, additional medications or procedures may be needed.
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