Context:
The Maharashtra government plans to submit a proposal to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to include Lonar Lake in Buldhana district Maharashtra in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.
Unique Characteristics of Lonar Lake
- Geological Significance: Lonar Lake, formed from a meteor impact around 50,000 years ago, is the world’s largest basaltic impact crater, making it a unique geographical and scientific wonder.
- Cultural and Historical Importance: The lake is home to several ancient temples, some over 1,200 years old, adding rich cultural history to its scientific value.
- Scientific Research: Institutions like the Smithsonian and US Geological Survey have studied the lake’s saline-alkaline waters and ecosystem.
- Conservation Efforts: Due to rising water levels, five temples inside the crater have been submerged. The preservation of the lake is urgently needed, with steps being taken to protect it, including banning bathing and restricting construction in its vicinity.
Tourism and Infrastructure Development
- Tourism Potential: Local activists and officials believe that UNESCO recognition would boost tourism and bring investment to the region, creating local job opportunities.
- Infrastructure Upgrades: Efforts are underway to improve basic facilities in the area, such as a bus stand and better road access. Additionally, encroachments around the nearby Daitya Sudan temple have been cleared.
Lonar Lake’s Global Significance
- It is a unique lagoon formed by a meteorite impact and the only major crater lake in the world situated in basalt rock.
- The lake’s water is alkaline, making it a significant geological and ecological wonder.
- UNESCO Recognition: If accepted, Lonar Lake will become India’s 41st UNESCO World Heritage Site, joining iconic places like Ajanta and Ellora Caves and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus.
- Ramsar Site: Lonar Lake is also recognized as a Ramsar site, a wetland of international importance.